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This handbook provides a thorough explanation of modeling and simulation in the most useful, current, and predominant applied areas, such as transportation, homeland security, medicine, operational research, military science, and business modeling. The authors offer a concise look at the key concepts and techniques of modeling and simulation and then discuss how and why the presented domains have become leading applications. The book begins with an introduction of why modeling and simulation is a reliable analysis assessment tool for complex systems problems and then explains why the selected domains are drawn upon to proffer solutions for these problems. This will be followed by six chapters discussing the Transportation, Homeland Security Risk Modeling, Operational Analysis, Medical, Military, and Business Modeling domains. Each of these application chapters contain a comprehensive approach to explaining the respective domain and include material on background or history, theory, modeling paradigms, and case studies. Each chapter also include key terms, techniques, exercises, a list of references, and suggestions for further reading materials. The remaining chapters cover in-depth coverage of each application area and includes the various case studies and the methodologies used.