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InhaltsangabeFOREWORD. PREFACE. ABOUT THE AUTHORS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS. 1 INTRODUCTION AND A BRIEF HISTORY. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 A Brief History of Deep Foundations and the Advent of NDT. 1.3 Deep Foundation Failures and ND. 1.4 Deficiencies in Existing Foundations. 2 COMMONLY USED DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION METHODS. 2.1 Driven Piles - Timber, Steel and Concrete. 2.2 Caissons and Drilled Shafts. 2.3 Diaphragm Walls, Cut-off Walls and Barrettes. 2.4 Augured, Cast-in-place Pile. 2.5 Micropiles or Minipiles. 2.6 Stone Columns and other Soil Improvement Techniques. 3 HOW SOILS AFFECT THE CHOICE OF FOUNDATION TYPE. 4 TRADITIONAL, VISUAL AND NEW INSPECTION METHODS FOR DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION. 1.1 Driven Piles. 4.2 Augured Cast-in-place Piles. 4.3 Drilled Shafts. 4.4 The Inspector's Role. 5 A REVIEW OF FULL-SCALE LOAD-TESTING TECHNIQUES. 5.1 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Compression. 5.2 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Tension. 5.3 Static Load-test Techniques - Lateral. 6 HIGHSTRAIN TESTING FOR CAPACITY AND/OR INTEGRITY. 6.1 Highstrain Dynamic (Dropweight) Testing of Driven Piles. 6.2 Highstrain Testing of Drilled Shafts and Augered, Castinplace Piles. 6.3 Modification of Shaft Head for High-strain Tests. 6.4 Practical Considerations for Drop-weight Techniques. 6.5 HSDT Alternatives. 6.6 Limitations of High-strain Dynamic Testing. 7 LOWSTRAIN SURFACE TESTS SONIC ECHO. 7.1 Sonic Echo (Impulse Echo). 8 SONIC MOBILITY (IMPULSE RESPONSE). 8.1 Principles of Impulse-Response Curve Interpretation. 8.2 Practical Considerations. 8.3 Classification of Signal Responses. 8.4 Pile Simulation Techniques. 8.5 Time Domain-Velocity Reflectors. 9 THE IMPEDANCE-LOG ANALYSIS. 10 LOWSTRAIN DOWNHOLE TESTS. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 CrossHole Sonic Logging. 10.3 CrossHole Tomography. 10.4 SingleHole Sonic Logging. 10.5 GammaGamma Logging. 10.6 Parallel Seismic Testing. 11 FIELD MOCK-UPS OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS: CLASS-A PREDICTIONS. 12 THE RELIABILITY OF PILE SHAFT INTEGRITY TESTING. 12.1 Statistical NDT Sampling Schemes. 12.2 Methodology Reliability. 13 CURRENT RESEARCH. 13.1 Developments in Measurements and Analysis. 13.2 Electrical Methods. 13.3 Optical Techniques. 13.4 Guided Wave Analysis. 13.5 Statistical Analysis. 13.6 Selfconsolidating Concrete. 13.7 Acceptable Vibration Levels. 13.8 Automated Monitoring Systems. 13.9 Wireless Acquisition Systems. 13.10 'Smart' Structures. 14 THE PLACE OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY. 14.1 Nondestructive Testing and Load and Resistance Factor Design. 14.2 Setting Up an Effective Quality Management Program. 14.3 Who's Testing the Tester?. 14.4 Acceptance Criteria. 14.5 Evaluating Defects. APPENDIX I STRESS-WAVE PROPAGATION IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES. 1. General Theory. 2. Determination of Damping. 3. Determination of Harmonic Response - Mechanical Impedance. 4. Resonant Frequency of an Infinitely Long Pile. 5. Impedance Input for a Finite-length pile with Unknown Mechanical Impedance at its Base. APPENDIX II CONTACT ADDRESSES. APPENDIX III STANDARDS REFERRED TO IN THIS BOOK. 1. CrossHole Sonic Logging. 2. GammaGamma Logging. 3. Highstrain Testing of Piles. 4. ImpulseEcho and ImpulseResponse Tests. 5. Parallel Seismic. 6. Static Load Testing of Deep Foundation Shafts. APPENDIX IV SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONS FOR NDT METHODS FOR DEEP FOUNDATIONS. 1. Sample Specification for Low-strain Testing by either Impulse Echo or Impulse Response. 2. Sample Specification for Cross-Hole Sonic Logging (CSL). REFERENCES. INDEX.