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Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 112. Chapters: Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Winfield Scott, Albert Sidney Johnston, Zachary Taylor, Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War, Sidney Breese, Hugh Brady, Richard Hawes, Stephen Mack, Jr., Edmund Dick Taylor, William Stephen Hamilton, James W. Stephenson, John Alexander McClernand, Henry Gratiot, Edward Dickinson Baker, John Dement, James D. Henry, George W. Jones, Joseph Throckmorton, Shabbona, Ichabod Crane, George Davenport, Joseph M. Street, Clack Stone, Robert Anderson, Thomas Ford, Ebenezer Brigham, Robert C. Buchanan, James M. Strode, Waukon Decorah, John Reynolds, Shick Shack, Henry Dodge, William P. Bryant, Adam Payne, Harvey Brown, John Giles Adams, Augustus C. Dodge, Edmund P. Gaines, Thomas Forsyth, Thomas Williams, Cornelius Gilliam, Felix St. Vrain, Elijah Phillips, John Wood, Alexander Posey, John Beach, John R. Williams, Milton Alexander, Isaac R. Moores, Lloyd J. Beall, David Bailey, Waubonsie, Chief Oshkosh, Orville Hickman Browning, William McMurtry, Henry Atkinson, Theophilus W. Smith, Elizabeth Armstrong, Joseph Duncan, Senachewine, Samuel Whiteside, Thomas Duncan, James Semple, Keokuk, John Bullock Clark, Isaiah Stillman, James Clyman, Adam W. Snyder, Antoine LeClaire, Wabokieshiek, Wapello, Joseph Naper, John Jameson, John Allen Wakefield, Thomas Carlin, Neapope, Charles Dunn, Gustavus Loomis, John Hawkins Rountree, Thomas P. Burnett, Wapasha II, Checokalako, Towaunonne, Pamisseu. Excerpt: Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 - April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination. As president, he led the country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis-the American Civil War-preserving the Union while ending slavery and promoting economic modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, he was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. He was an affectionate, though often absent, husband and father of four children. After deftly opposing the expansion of slavery in the United States in his campaign debates and speeches, Lincoln secured the Republican nomination and was elected president in 1860. Following declarations of secession by southern slave states, war began in April 1861, and he concentrated on both the military and political dimensions of the war effort, seeking to reunify the nation. He vigorously exercised unprecedented war powers, including the arrest and detention without trial of thousands of suspected secessionists. He prevented British recognition of the Confederacy by skillfully handling the Trent affair late in 1861. He issued his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoted the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including the commanding general and future president, Ulysses S. Grant. He brought leaders of various factions of his party into his cabinet and pressured them to cooperate. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond. Each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another until finally Grant succeeded in 1865.