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Participation to cancer screening can be affected by several socio-economic, cultural, and organizational variables: literature data show that a lower adherence is a prerogative of the most disadvantaged population groups for socio-economic status and level of education. The objective of this work is to examine the participation of the foreign resident population of Prato to cervical cancer screening. The picture that emerges from the analysis confirms the lack of participation to cancer screening of the foreign resident population, in agreement with what has been observed in other countries. It becomes imperative, therefore, to deepen the perception of the concepts of prevention-health-disease-care and their relationship, to know the concerns and fears about the possible risks and the most appropriate responses, as well as to improve the reception of health caregivers to the migrant population, while recognizing that other priorities (home, work, family, etc.) weigh heavily on health and prevention choices of this population group.