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Modern production technologies have proven their unsustainablity. So, the pursuit for more sustainable forms of agriculture has become the urgent task for agricultural researchers and farmers. There are evidences for sustainable alternatives to conventional agriculture in several countries. They proved their capacity in resource conservation and energy usage. Organic agriculture is considered to be one of the most followed systems of alternative farming, and its approaches are found to be sustainable and safe to environment. In addition, much of the organic technologies are cheap and suitable to farmers belonging to developing countries. However, there are many other factors which drive those farmers towards organic farming and there are some problems as well. So, it is need of the hour to analyse those factors behind their decisions and issues concerned. Further, there have been very few efforts that documented the practices, technologies and implications of organic agriculture. This book describes one such study on socio-ecological implications of organic farming, carried out in the selected districts of Tamil Nadu state in India.