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This first part of the treatment of the Labiatae occurring in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi provides general family-level information, such as a full description, details about the classification, distribution, uses and most important references. This is followed by some morphological particularities, a list of all subfamilies and genera as well as an identification key to all 35 genera occurring naturally or as escapes from cultivation in the Flora region. Furthermore, a treatment of the first two subfamilies, Viticoideae and Premnoideae, comprising a single genus each and respectively 17 and 6 species, is provided. Each user-friendly key to the species is followed by the species treatments which provide full morphological descriptions, synonyms, data on distribution, habitat, vernacular names and uses, as well as references to additional literature and the citation of representative specimens. Six taxa (three species and three varieties) are endemic to the Flora region. A total of nine line drawings and 21 colour photographs assist the identification process.